pratiyogita darpan english Published this article page no 90 Minor constituents include arsenic beryllium boron cadmium chromium hexavalent chromium cobalt lead manganese mercury molybdenum selenium strontium thallium and vanadium along with very small concentrations of dioxins and PAH compounds. It also has unburnt carbon. Health and environmental hazards 164 Toxic heavy metals present All the heavy metals found in fly ash nickel cadmium arsenic chromium lead etc—are toxic in nature. They are minute poisonous particles accumulate in the respiratory tract and cause gradual poisoning. Radiation For an equal amount of electricity generated fly ash contains a hundred times more radiation than nuclear waste secured via dry cask or water storage. Water pollution The breaching of ash dykes and consequent ash spills occur frequently in India polluting a large number of water bodies. Effects on environment The destruction of mangroves drastic reduction in crop yields and the pollution of groundwater in the Rann of Kutch from the ash sludge of adjoining Coal power plants has been well documented. However fly ash can be used in the following ways 1. Concrete production as a substitute material for Portland cement sand. 2. Flyash pellets which can replace normal aggregate in concrete mixture. 3. Embankments and other structural fills. 4. Cement clinker production – (as a substitute material for clay). 5. Stabilization of soft soils. 6. Road subbase construction. 7. As aggregate substitute material (e.g. for brick production). 8. Agricultural uses soil amendment fertilizer cattle feeders soil stabilization in stock feed yards and agricultural stakes. 9. Loose application on rivers to melt ice. 10. Loose application on roads and parking lots for ice control pratiyogita darpan English buy.
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